Information systems define as one that collects, process, stores, analyzes, disseminates information for a specific purpose.
Application program is a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process.
There are dozens of applications in each functional area. For instance, in managing human resources it is possible to find one application for screening job applicants and another for employee turnover. Some of the applications might be completely independent of each other, whereas others are interrelated.
Information systems are built to attain several goals. One of the primary goals is to economically process data into information or knowledge.
Data items refer to an elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stores but not organized to convey any specific meeting.
Information is data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.
Knowledge consists of data and/ or information that have been organized and process to convey understanding, experiences, accumulated, learning and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.
Therefore, data, information and knowledge are inputs to an information system as they can also be output.
How IT supports organizational systems:
1. Operational activities deals with the day to day organization such as assigning employees to task and recording the number of hours they work.
2. Managerial activities also called tactical activities or decision, deal in general with middle management activities such as short term planning, organizing and control.
3. Strategic activities are activities or decisions that deal with situation that may significantly change the manner in which business is done. Traditionally, strategic activities involved only long range planning. Introducing a new product line, expanding the business by acquiring supporting business and support operations to a foreign country.
How IT support supply chain:
A supply chain is a concept describing the flow of materials, information, money, services from raw materials suppliers through factories and warehouse to the end customers. A supply chain also includes the organizations and process that create and deliver these products, information and services to the end customers.
New computing environments in Malaysia:
During the last decade several new computing environments have emerged some of which are based on web technology. These systems are in the early stage of usage and some are still under development but they may reshape the IT field.
According to Bill gates, utility computing is computing that is available, reliable and secure as electricity, water services and telephony. The vision behind utility computing is to have computing resources flow like electricity on demand from virtual utilities around the globe. An example of using utility computing is the case of Malaysian Contractors Directories which consists of list of contractors through locations and class. With these services it helps to increase speed of search engines to find information regarding contractors’ directories.
Web services are self contained, self describing business and self modular applications, delivered over the internet that users can select and combine through almost any device, ranging from personal computers to mobile phones (In Malaysia the application using mobile phones are still not widely using by users compared to personal computers).
However, there are several managerial issues identified:
1. The transaction to e-business
2. From legacy systems to client/ server to intranet, corporate portal and web based systems
3. Dealing with the outsourcing and computer trends
4. Cost of infrastructures
Prepared by: Noor Syahira Binti Shah Beran
2007130913
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